Ass`v. Garamendi.497 Assuming that the Victim Insurance Relief Act in California was anticipated as interference with the federal government`s conduct in foreign relations, as required by the executive agreements, the court stated that “valid executive agreements are likely to anticipate state law, as are treaties.” 498 Preventive implementation of executive agreements is the result of “the constitutional allocation of foreign policy power to the national government.” 499 As there was a “clear conflict” between California law and politics, Adopted by the effective exercise of the federal executive branch (the count of Holocaust-era insurance claims, which “are well within the jurisdiction of the foreign executive”), state law was anticipated.500 In 1904 and 1905, Foreign Affairs Minister John Hay negotiated a number of contracts for the general arbitration of international disputes. Article II of the Treaty with Great Britain, for example, provided that “in each particular case, the High Contracting Parties enter into a special agreement before being called before the Permanent Court of Arbitration, clearly specifying the issue and the extent of the powers of arbitrators and setting the deadlines for the formation of the arbitration tribunal and the various stages of the proceedings.” 460 The Senate approved the British treaty by a constitutional majority, having first amended it by “agreement” by imposing the word “treaty.” President Theodore Roosevelt, who called “ratification” a rejection, sent the treaties to the archives. “In historical practice,” Dr. McClure said, “the compromise in which disputes have been settled includes both contracts and executive agreements in good numbers,” 461 a statement supported by Willoughby and Moore.462 As executive agreements are reached on the authority of the incumbent president, they do not necessarily bind his successors. Executive agreement, an agreement between the United States and a foreign government that is less formal than a treaty and is not subject to the constitutional requirement for ratification by two-thirds of the U.S. Senate. Britannica.com: Encyclopedia Article on Executive Agreement This article deals with executive agreements between nations in general. For more information on U.S. foreign policy executive agreements, see the foreign policy of the executive agreement. An agreement between the heads of government of two or more nations that has not been ratified by the legislature, since the treaties are ratified.